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Adrenocortical Hyperplasia
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- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia:
- results from an autosomal recessive defect in the biosynthesis of cortisol
- responsible for the large majority of cases of adrenogenital syndrome developing in the first year of life
- most common enzyme deficiencies are 21-hydroxylase and 11-beta hydroxylase.
- histology: diffuse cortical hyperplasia, particularly involving the zona reticularis
- Acquired adrenal hyperplasia:
- defined as adrenal gland weight > 6 g
- always bilateral
- may have nodular pattern (ACTH independent/ adrenal dependent) or diffuse pattern (ACTH dependent/ pituitary dependent)
- histology: increased thickness of zona reticularis and fasciculata with lipid depletion of the fasciculata cells.
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