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Normal Urine Cytology: Squamous Cells
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- Histologic features:
- large flat polygonal cells with “hard” (dense) cytoplasm; usually stain pink on a pap smear (photo on right).
- nuclei should be round with smooth borders and finely distributed chromatin.
- N:C ratio should be very low (small nucleus, lots of cytoplasm) -- generally < 1:2.
- Increased numbers may be seen in normal urine
- as a contaminant from the distal urethra, vagina, or vulva.
- in cases of squamous metaplasia , usually of the bladder trigone (seen in 40% of females and in men undergoing estrogen therapy for prostate cancer)
- in cases of chronic irritation and inflammation.
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