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Congenital Anomalies: Epispadias & Hypospadias
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Epispadias:
- Congenital absence of the upper wall of the urethra results in a urethral meatus on the dorsum of the penis
- Occurs in 1/117,000 male births
- There are three main types: penopubic, penile, and glandular
- Associated abnormalities: diastasis of the symphysis pubis, bladder exstrophy, renal agenesis, and ectopic pelvic kidney.
Hypospadias:
- Urethral opening appears on the underside of the penile shaft or on the perineum
- Occurs in 1/300 live male births
- Locations of meatus: distal to glans (71%); corona (43%); distal shaft (34%), midpenis (16%), and proximal (13%)
- Associated abnormalities: cryptorchidism and inguinal hernia
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