Routine medical practice and prudent judgment suggests that clinicians should follow-up and re-evaluate patients for an appropriate response to any therapeutic intervention. Recommendations for follow-up after initiating treatment for LUTS/BPH remain undetermined. Time intervals for repeat evaluation, follow-up tests, and changes in IPSS, quality of life scores, uroflowmetry, and PVR volumes have not been systematically evaluated. Certain red flag symptoms should prompt both the patient and clinician for the need of earlier evaluation and a potential change in treatment course. These symptoms include worsening PVR volumes, urinary incontinence, rUTIs or stones, and reduced renal function as a result of LUTS/BPH. Surgical follow-up is dependent on the type of procedure and individual patient needs; this is addressed separately in Statement 36. Many therapies instituted for BPH treatment involve lifestyle modifications or medications like 5-ARIs that take time for a perceived benefit. Other medications such as ABs, beta-3 agonists, PDE-5Is, and anticholinergics have perceived improvement in symptoms in as early as 4 weeks. It is widely known and accepted that 5-ARIs have a much longer course of action and can take 3-6 months for symptom improvement. Clinicians should counsel patients appropriately and set proper expectations on the time frame for medication onset and symptom improvement. Outside any major adverse events that warrant earlier follow-up, the Panel felt six months was a reasonable follow-up time frame. Standardized questionnaires exist as a means for follow-up and tracking patient symptoms over time. Historically, clinicians have utilized the IPSS or similar symptom questionnaire. Newer, validated questionnaires also exist, including the LURN SI-29 or the LURN SI-10 questionnaires.9, 115 Clinicians may use different or any combination of questionnaires to better understand patient symptoms and track improvement with interventions. The use of standardized questionnaires can greatly aid clinicians in monitoring patient symptoms as well as assess any perceived benefit of treatment and help define realistic goals of therapy. The use of a consistent symptom score questionnaire is helpful over time to understand individual patient response to therapy.