Post-procedural evaluation of patients following BPH procedures is necessary to determine response to therapy and to exclude adverse events. While the length of follow-up will vary dependent on individual patient needs and clinician discretion, the Panel recommends that patients be assessed for a minimum of one year following their BPH procedure. Follow-up should include standardized symptom scores such as IPSS, and when available, comparison to preoperative values. Post-procedural evaluation of sexual function should also be done to ascertain any impact of the procedure on sexual function of the patient comparing baseline and post-procedure validated symptom scores. Clinicians may consider evaluating patients with a urinalysis, uroflowmetry, and PVR. These tests can also be useful in evaluating patients for post-procedural adverse events such as urinary retention, UTI, urethral stricture, or bladder neck contracture. The rates of adverse events by procedure are listed in Appendix V.270, 271 If urethral stricture or bladder neck contracture are suspected, cystoscopy should be performed to aid in making the diagnosis. Clinicians may include postoperative assessment of PSA to establish a baseline PSA following a BPH procedure. A significant reduction in PSA is expected in patients undergoing prostate enucleation and simple prostatectomy; therefore, absence of this reduction may raise suspicion for possible prostate malignancy in the preserved peripheral zone of the prostate and may warrant further evaluation. In patients with new onset or worsening urinary incontinence or refractory storage symptoms after BPH surgery, despite adequate conservative and pharmacologic management, clinicians should consider UDS to clarify the underlying pathophysiology and guide further treatment decisions. Clinicians should consider a longer duration of follow-up for patients who had BPH procedures associated with higher retreatment rates (see Statements 34 and 35).